Application (Uses) of artificial intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence 

The term artificial intelligence was first coined by John Mc Carthy in 1956 when he held the first academic conference on the subject. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a combination of computer science , philosophy and psychology with the ability of an object to perform the  similar task as human kinds. In truth it is a branch of computer science which deals with the listening , reasoning and thinking capacity so that it can understand natural language like human beings. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and imitate their actions. It is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

Application (uses) of AI

Artificial intelligence has been also used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis , stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys. Some of the application areas of AI is discussed below .

Entertainment

With the help of AI the computer programmer develop the various types of games such as chess, ludo etc. While playing such games the player or user must known various alternatives to win the machine which is likely to impossible by the normal persons.

Expert system:

Expert system is such type of software system with knowledge engineer which are designed in a computer program for carrying out some specific tasks in the various types of field such as engineering , computing and medical field. To develop such types of program intellectual property the AI is used.

Robotics:

In various developed countries Robotics are used to perform the various tasks such as entertainment, risky job and other daily operations. Robots usually contain and combine both high precision machine capabilities and sophisticated AI based controlling software.

Understanding natural language:

Natural language are those languages which can be easily understood by any person. Nowadays scientists area going to develop such types of hardware, software and other machinery tools which can understand by any types of persons. These types of developing are possible only through AI.

Speech and pattern recognition:

Nowadays various types of machines are being developed which can understand human voice and skin. For example nowadays the large numbers of office are using such an attendance device which can be recognize human finger. 

Ethical aspects of Artificial  Intelligence

The ethics or ethical aspects of artificial intelligence are the part of the ethics of technology to specific to robots and  other artificially intelligent beings . It is typically divided into robotics, a concern with the moral behavior of human as they design , construct , use and treat artificially intelligent beings and machine ethics, concern with the moral behavior of Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs).  The ethical aspects of AI are manly concerned with the following.

Robot rights:

Robot rights are the moral obligations of society  towards its machines to similar to human rights or animal rights. These may include the right to life and liberty , freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law. Experts disagree whether specific and detailed laws will be required soon or safely in the distant future.

The threat to privacy:

AI program exists that can understand natural languages and speech with adequate processing power it could theoretically listen to every phone conservation and read every email in the world, understand them and report back to the  program's operators exactly what is said and exactly who is saying it. The question arises that an AI program like this could allow governments or other entities to efficiently suppress dissent and attack their enemies.

Machine ethics:

Machine ethics (or machine morality) is the field of research which is concerned with designing  Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs), robots or artificially intelligent computers that behave morally or as though moral. Some experts and academic have questioned the use of robots for military combat, especially when such robots are given some degree of autonomous functions.

Unintended consequences 

Many research have argued that , by way of an "intelligence explosion" sometime in  the next century , a self-improving AI could become so vastly more powerful than humans that we would not be able to stop it from  achieving its goals. Unless moral philosophy provides us with a flawless ethical theory , an AI's utility function could allow for many potentially harmful scenarios that conform to a given ethical framework but not " common sense".

Ethics in invention

The ethics of artificial intelligence in fiction is one of several core themes which explore the scenario of a civilization accidentally creating. AI through a rapid increase in computational power through a global scale of neural network is an important issue of ethics. This event caused an ethical schism between those who felt bestowing organic rights.